Subtitle Hard Times

Mrs Sparsit eventually tracks down Mrs Pegler, the old woman who makes a mysterious annual visit to see Bounderby's house, and brings her to the house where she is revealed as Bounderby's mother. Far from having abandoned him to a life of hardship, she gave him a good upbringing and, when he became successful, allowed herself to be persuaded never to visit him. Bounderby is now publicly exposed as a ridiculous humbug 'bully of humility'.[42]

subtitle Hard Times

Bounderby punishes Mrs Sparsit for his humiliation by turning her out, but she doesn't particularly mind the dishonour.[45] Five years later, he will die of a fit in the street,[46] while Mr. Gradgrind, having abandoned his Utilitarian ideas and trying to make Facts "subservient to Faith, Hope and Charity",[46] will suffer the contempt of his fellow MPs.[46] Rachael will continue her life of honest hard work,[47] while Stephen Blackpool will be pardoned by Mr Gradgrind.[47] Tom will die from fever fairly near Coketown, having expressed penitence in a tear-stained letter.[47] Louisa herself will grow old, but will never remarry and have children of her own.[47] Louisa, showing kindness to the less fortunate and being loved by Sissy's children, will spend her life encouraging imagination and fancy in all she encounters.[48]

Thomas Gradgrind is the notorious school board Superintendent, who is dedicated to the pursuit of profitable enterprise. His name is now used generically to refer to someone who is hard and only concerned with cold facts and numbers, a follower of Utilitarian ideas who neglects the imagination. He soon sees the error of these beliefs however, when his children's lives fall into disarray.

Louisa (Loo) Gradgrind, (later Louisa Bounderby), is the eldest child of the Gradgrind family. She has been taught to suppress her feelings and finds it hard to express herself clearly, saying as a child that she has "unmanageable thoughts." After her unhappy marriage, she is tempted to adultery by James Harthouse, but resists him and returns to her father. Her rejection of Harthouse leads to a new understanding of life and of the value of emotions and the imagination. She reproaches her father for his dry and fact-based approach to the world and convinces him of the error of his ways.

Dickens is also concerned, throughout Hard Times, with the effects of social class on the morality of individuals. Some contrasting characters relating to this theme are Stephen and Rachel, and Tom and Mr. Bounderby. Stephen's honesty and Rachel's caring actions are qualities not shown in people from higher classes, but among hard working individuals who are browbeaten by the uncaring factory owners such as Bounderby. These qualities appear repeatedly, as Stephen works hard every day, until he decides to leave town to save the names of his fellow workers, and Rachel supports Stephen through this, while struggling to provide for herself as well. In contrast to these behaviours, Mr. Bounderby refuses to recognise the difficulties faced by those in lower classes, as seen by him completely casting aside Stephen's request for help. Other aristocratic characters simply carry out blatantly immoral actions, such as Tom throwing away his sister's money, falling into debt, then robbing a bank, and even framing someone else for his actions. Tom is also seen to be deceitful as he is able to keep his guilt hidden until the evidence points only toward him. On the contrary, when the news comes out that Stephen had robbed the bank, Stephen begins to head back to Coketown to face his problems and clear his name. Overall, the stark difference in morality between characters of dissimilar social status suggests Dickens's idea that there is a form of innate natural law that may remain unhampered in those leading less titled lives. Stephen's concept of right and wrong is untainted by the manufactured values of utilitarianism, instilled into Tom and Bounderby.

Hard Times has been adapted twice for BBC Radio, first in 1998 starring John Woodvine as Gradgrind, Tom Baker as Josiah Bounderby and Anna Massey as Mrs. Sparsit, and again in 2007 starring Kenneth Cranham as Gradgrind, Philip Jackson as Bounderby, Alan Williams as Stephen, Becky Hindley as Rachael, Helen Longworth as Louisa, Richard Firth as Tom and Eleanor Bron as Mrs. Sparsit.

The novel has also been adapted twice as a mini-series for British television, once in 1977 by ITV with Patrick Allen as Gradgrind, Timothy West as Bounderby, Rosalie Crutchley as Mrs. Sparsit and Edward Fox as Harthouse, and again in 1994 by the BBC with Bob Peck as Gradgrind, Alan Bates as Bounderby, Dilys Laye as Mrs. Sparsit, Bill Paterson as Stephen, Harriet Walter as Rachael and Richard E. Grant as Harthouse.[59]

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In the audio department, Masters of Cinema diligently add an option for the original mono - in a linear PCM track - as well as a 5.1 surround option (both 24-bit.) Purists will appreciate that over the Twilight Time Blu-ray. Both have optional subtitles (see samples). The MoC Blu-ray is Region FREE also!

Illegal street fighting in the depression and the pairing of Walter Hill (Streets of Fire, Southern Comfort, The Long Riders, The Driver) and Bronson (Death Wish,Yukon,The Mechanic) couldn't be more iconic. Hard Times is probably my favorite film of the director's Pulp-rich, hard-nosed style. I have re-watched multiple times. This Twilight TimeBlu-ray has also been played many times, but it's way out of print now. Those who appreciate the film, director or performers (Strother Martin, Coburn, Jill Ireland) you need this Masters of Cinema, with its great extras and mono option, in your digital library...

ADDITION: Twilight Time (4K restoration) - Region FREE - Blu-ray March 15': We're a bit late-off-the-mark in reviewing this Twilight Time 1080P but my, over-watched, DVD resurfaced so we could do a full comparison. The Blu-ray improves notably offering more natural colors (especially flesh-tones.) and with the higher resolution the detail is far crisper. My only concern was a kind of waxy softness that I noticed a few times. In-motion, however, this was never prevalent and my digitization suspicions remained with little evidence to support any fears. It also appears that the DVD is somewhat vertically stretched or the BD is horizontally stretched. It may be a little of both. The HD shows a bit more information in the frame. 041b061a72